Teori Active dan Pasive Voice

Active sentence (active voice) is a sentence where the subject of his work, by contrast, passive sentence (passive voice) is a sentence where the subject was subjected to the job by the object of the sentence. Active voice is more often used in daily life compared with the passive voice. However, often we find the passive voice in the newspapers, articles in magazines and scholarly writings. Passive voice is used because the object of the active voice is more important information than his subject.

Example :

• Active : We fertilize the soil every 6 months
• Passive: The soil is fertilized by us every 6 months

From this example we can see that:

    1. Object of the active voice (the soil) becomes the subject of the passive voice
    2. Subject of the active voice (we) became the object of the passive voice. Note also that there is a change of subject pronoun 'We' became the object pronoun 'us'.
    3. Verb1 (fertilize) the active voice becomes verb3 (fertilized) on the passive voice.
    4. He added some 'is' in front verb3. Be used is dependent on the subject of passive voice and tenses used. (Note the passive voice patterns below).
    5. He added the word 'by' behind verb3. However, if the object of the passive voice is considered not important or unknown, then the object is usually not mentioned and so was the word 'by'.
    6. Especially for progressive sentences (present, past, past perfect, future, past future, and past perfect continuous future, need to add a 'being' in front verb3). If you did not add "being", tensisnya will change, not a progressive / continuous again. Consider the examples in point h - o below.

Based on the six points above the passive voice followed the pattern as follows:

Subject + be + Verb3 + by + Object + modifier

The pattern of active and passive voice in each tense

A. If the active voice in simple present tense, then 'be' it is the passive voice is, am or acres.

Example:

• Active    : He meets them everyday.
• Passive  : They are met by him everyday.

• Active    : She waters this plant every two days.
• Passive  : This plant is watered by her every two days.

B. If the active voice in the simple past tense, then 'be' passive voice it is was or were the resource persons.
Example:

• Active    : He met them yesterday
• Passive  : They were met by him yesterday

• Active    : She watered this plant this morning
• Passive  : This plant was watered by her this morning

C.If the active voice in present perfect tense, the 'be' passive voice it is been placed after the auxiliary has or have, so that a 'has been' or 'have been'.
Example:

• Active    : He has met them
• Passive  : They have been met by him
• Active    : She has watered this plant for 5 minutes.
• Passive  : This plant has been watered by her for 5 minutes.

D. If the active voice in the past perfect tense, the 'be' passive voice it is been placed after the auxiliary Had, so be Had been.
Example:

• Active    : He had met them before I came.
• Passive  : They had been met by him before I came.

• Active    : She had watered this plant for 5 minutes when I got here
• Passive  : This plant had been watered by her for 5 minutes when I got here

E. If the active voice in the simple future tense, then 'be' passive voice is to be his
   Example:

• Active    : He will meet them tomorrow.
• Passive  : They will be met by him tomorrow.

• Active    : She will water this plant this afternoon.
• Passive  : This plant will be watered by her this afternoon.

• Active    : The farmers are going to harvest the crops next week
• Passive  : The crops are going to be harvested by the farmers next week.

F. If the active voice in the future perfect tense, the 'be' passive voice it is been placed after the auxiliary have earnest, so that the 'will of have been'
Example:

• Active    : He will have met them before I get there tomorrow.
• Passive  : They will have been met by him before I get there tomorrow.

• Active   : She will have watered this plant before I get here this afternoon.
• Passive  : This plant will have been watered by her before I get here this afternoon.

G. if the active voice in the past future perfect tense, the 'be' passive voice it is been placed after the auxiliary Would have, that it becomes 'Would have been'.
Example:

• Active    : He would have met them.
• Passive  : They would have been met by him.

• Active    : She would have watered this plant.
• Passive  : This plant would have been watered by her.

H. If the active voice in the present continuous tense, the 'be' passive voice it is (is, am or acre) + being.
Example:

• Active    : He is meeting them now.
• Passive  : They are being met by him now.

• Active    : She is watering this plant now.
• Passive  : This plant is being watered by her now.

I. If the active voice in the past continuous tense, the 'be' passive voice it is (was or were the resource persons) + being.
Example:

• Active    : He was meeting them.
• Passive  : They were being met by him.

• Active    : She was watering this plant.
• Passive  : This plant was being watered by her.

J. If the active voice in perfect continuous tense, the 'be' passive voice it is (has / have) been + being.
Example:

• Active    : He has been meeting them.
• Passive  : They have been being met by him.

• Active    : She has been watering this plant.
• Passive  : This plant has been being watered by her.

K. if the active voice in the past perfect continuous tense, the 'be' it is the passive voice Had been + being.
Example:

• Active    : He had been meeting them.
• Passive  : They had been being met by him.

• Active    : She had been watering this plant.
• Passive  : This plant had been being watered by her.

L. If the active voice in the future continuous tense, the 'be' passive voice it is the will of be + being.
Example:

• Active    : He will be meeting them.
• Passive  : They will be being met by him.

• Active    : She will be watering this plant.
• Passive  : This plant will be being watered by her.

M. If the active voice in the past future continuous tense, the 'be' it is the passive voice would be + being.
Example:

• Active    : He would be meeting them.
• Passive  : They would be being met by him.

• Active    : She would be watering this plant.
• Passive   : This plant would be being watered by her.

N. If the active voice in the future perfect continuous tense, the 'be' passive voice it is the will of have been + being.
Example:

• Active    : He will have been meeting them.
• Passive  : They will have been being met by him.

• Active    : She will have been watering this plant.
• Passive  : This plant will have been being watered by her.

O. If the active voice in the past future perfect continuous tense, the 'be' passive voice it is Would have been + being.
Example:

• Active    : He would be meeting them.
• Passive  : They would be being met by him.

• Active    : She would be watering this plant.
• Passive  : This plant would be being watered by her.

Examples of active and passive sentences:

1..Active: Susi typing this letter yesterday.
  Passive: This letter was typed by Susie yesterday.

2. Active: My cat kills a mouse.
  Passive: A rat was killed by my cat.

3. Active    : He meets them everyday.
  Passive  : They are met by him everyday.

4. Active    : She waters this plant every two days.
  Passive  : This plant is watered by her every two days.

5. Active    : He met them yesterday.
  Passive  : They were met by him yesterday.

6. Active    : She watered this plant this morning.
   Passive  : This plant was watered by her this morning.

7. Active    : He had met them before I came.
    Passive  : They had been met by him before I came.

8. Active    : She will water this plant this afternoon.

   Passive  : This plant will be watered by her this afternoon.